What Happened to Japanã¢â‚¬â„¢s Big Four Automakers in 1985

Overview of the automotive industry of Nippon

First generation Toyota Corolla (1966), the world'southward all-time best selling line of cars; in its 12th generation as of 2018

The automotive industry in Nihon is one of the most prominent and largest industries in the world. Nippon has been in the meridian iii of the countries with well-nigh cars manufactured since the 1960s, surpassing Deutschland. The automotive industry in Nippon chop-chop increased from the 1970s to the 1990s (when it was oriented both for domestic use and worldwide consign) and in the 1980s and 1990s, overtook the U.Southward. as the production leader with upwardly to 13 one thousand thousand cars per year manufactured and pregnant exports. After massive ramp-upward by China in the 2000s and fluctuating U.S. output, Japan is currently the third largest automotive producer in the world with an almanac product of 9.9 1000000 automobiles in 2012.^[1] Japanese investments helped grow the machine industry in many countries throughout the last few decades.^{[ citation needed ]}

Japanese business organisation conglomerates began edifice their first automobiles in the middle to late 1910s. The companies went almost this by either designing their ain trucks (the market place for rider vehicles in Japan at the time was small-scale), or partnering with a European brand to produce and sell their cars in Japan under license. Such examples of this are Isuzu partnering with Wolseley Motors (U.k.), Nissan partnering with British automaker Austin, and the Mitsubishi Model A, which was based upon the Fiat Tipo 3. The demand for domestic trucks was profoundly increased past the Japanese armed services buildup before World State of war II, causing many Japanese manufacturers to break out of their shells and blueprint their ain vehicles. In the 1970s Nippon was the pioneer in the use of robotics in the manufacturing of vehicles.

The country is dwelling house to a number of companies that produce cars, construction vehicles, motorcycles, ATVs, and engines. Japanese automotive manufacturers include Toyota, Honda, Daihatsu, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Mitsuoka. Infiniti, Acura, and Lexus are luxury brands of Nissan, Honda and Toyota.

Cars designed in Nippon have won the European Auto of the Year, International Motorcar of the Yr, and World Auto of the Yr awards many times. Japanese vehicles accept had worldwide influence, and no longer have the stigma they had in the 1950s and 1960s when they offset emerged internationally, due to a dedicated focus on continual product and process improvement led by Toyota as well as the use of the V Whys technique and the early adoption of the Lean Half-dozen Sigma methodology. Japanese cars are besides congenital in compliance with Japanese Authorities dimension regulations and engine displacement is farther regulated by road taxation bracket regulations, which also affects any imported cars sold in Japan.

History [edit]

Early on years [edit]

In 1904, Torao Yamaha produced the kickoff domestically manufactured omnibus, which was powered by a steam engine. In 1907, Komanosuke Uchiyama produced the Takuri, the offset entirely Japanese-made gasoline engine machine. The Kunisue Car Works built the Kunisue in 1910, and the following year manufactured the Tokyo in cooperation with Tokyo Motor Vehicles Ltd. In 1911, Kaishinsha Car Works was established and later on began manufacturing a car called the DAT. In 1920, Jitsuyo Jidosha Seizo Co., founded by William R. Gorham, began building the Gorham and later the Lila. The company merged with Kaishinsha in 1926 to form the DAT Machine Manufacturing Co. (subsequently to evolve into Nissan Motors). From 1924 to 1927, Hakuyosha Ironworks Ltd. congenital the Otomo. Toyota, a material manufacturer, began edifice cars in 1936. Virtually early vehicles, yet, were trucks produced under armed services subsidy. Isuzu, Yanmar and Daihatsu initially focused on diesel fuel engine development.

Cars built in Japan before Globe War II tended to exist based on European or American models. The 1917 Mitsubishi Model A was based on the Fiat A3-3 pattern. (This model was considered to be the commencement mass-produced car in Japan, with 22 units produced.) In the 1930s, Nissan Motors' cars were based on the Austin 7 and Graham-Paige designs, while the Toyota AA model was based on the Chrysler Airflow. Ohta built cars in the 1930s based on Ford models, while Chiyoda and Sumida, a predecessor of Isuzu, built cars resembling Full general Motors products 1935 Pontiac, and 1930s LaSalle.^{[2] [3]}

Auto manufacture from Japanese companies was struggling, despite investment efforts by the Japanese Government. The 1923 Swell Kantō convulsion devastated nearly of Nihon'due south fledgling infrastructure and truck and structure equipment manufacturing benefited from recovery efforts. Yanase & Co., Ltd. (株式会社ヤナセ Yanase Kabushiki gaisha) was an importer of American-made cars to Japan and contributed to disaster recovery efforts by importing GMC trucks and construction equipment. By bringing in American products, Japanese manufacturers were able to examine the imported vehicles and develop their own products.

Transportation and mobilization in the early on 1900s was largely monopolized by the Japanese Authorities's Ministry of Railways, and private automobile companies emerged to farther modernize the transportation infrastructure.

From 1925 until the commencement of World War II, Ford and GM^[4] had factories in the country and they dominated the Japanese market place. The Ford Motor Company of Japan was established in 1925 and a product constitute was gear up in Yokohama. General Motors established operations in Osaka in 1927. Chrysler also came to Nihon and gear up upwardly Kyoritsu Motors.^[5] Between 1925 and 1936, the United States Big Three automakers' Japanese subsidiaries produced a total of 208,967 vehicles, compared to the domestic producers total of 12,127 vehicles. In 1936, the Japanese regime passed the Automobile Manufacturing Industry Law, which was intended to promote the domestic motorcar industry and reduce strange competition; ironically, this stopped the groundbreaking of an integrated Ford plant in Yokohama, modeled on Dagenham in England and intended to serve the Asian market, that would have established Nihon as a major exporter^{[ citation needed ]}. Instead by 1939, the foreign manufacturers had been forced out of Nippon. Under the direction of the Imperial Japanese Authorities, the fledgling vehicle product efforts were redirected to heavy duty truck production due to the Second Sino-Japanese State of war and the Isuzu TX was the consequence of three Japanese companies combining efforts to manufacture a standardized, military form heavy duty truck.^{[6] [7]}

During Earth War II, Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu and Kurogane built trucks and motorcycles for the Imperial Japanese Army, with Kurogane introducing the world'due south kickoff mass-produced four-wheel-drive auto, chosen the Kurogane Type 95 in 1936. For the first decade subsequently World War Ii, auto production was limited, and until 1966 almost product consisted of trucks (including three-wheeled vehicles). Thereafter passenger cars dominated the market. Japanese car designs also connected to imitate or exist derived from European and American designs.^[viii] Exports were very limited in the 1950s, calculation up to only 3.one% of the total passenger motorcar product of the decade.^[9]

1960s to today [edit]

In the 1960s Japanese manufacturers began to compete caput-on in the domestic marketplace, model for model. This was exemplified by the "CB-state of war" between the most popular compact sedans chosen the Toyota Corona and the Nissan Bluebird. While this initially led to benefits for consumers, before long R&D expenditures swelled and other companies offered competing meaty sedans from Mazda, Subaru, Isuzu, Daihatsu and Mitsubishi. Towards the late 1980s and early 1990s Japanese car manufacturers had entered a stage of "Hyper-design" and "Hyper-equipment"; an artillery race leading to less competitive products admitting produced in a highly efficient manner.^[10]

During the 1960s, Japanese automakers launched a bevy of new kei cars in their domestic market; scooters and motorcycles remained ascendant, with sales of ane.47 million in 1960 versus a mere 36,000 kei cars.^[11] These tiny automobiles ordinarily featured very small engines (under 360cc, but were sometimes fitted with engines of up to 600cc for consign) to keep taxes much lower than larger cars. The average person in Japan was now able to beget an automobile, which boosted sales dramatically and jumpstarted the auto manufacture toward becoming what information technology is today. The first of this new era, really launched in 1958, was the Subaru 360. It was known every bit the "Lady Protrude", comparing its significance to the Volkswagen Protrude in Germany. Other meaning models were the Suzuki Fronte, Daihatsu Beau Max, Mitsubishi Minica, Mazda Carol, and the Honda N360.

The keis were very minimalist motoring, however, much too small for most family motorcar usage. The near popular economy car segment in the sixties was the 700-800 cc class, embodied past the Toyota Publica, Mitsubishi Colt 800, and the original Mazda Familia. By the end of the sixties, however, these (often two-stroke) cars were being replaced by full 1-litre cars with four-stroke engines, a move which was spearheaded by Nissan'south 1966 Sunny.^[12] All other manufacturers quickly followed adjust, except for Toyota who equipped their Corolla with a one.1-litre engine - the extra 100 cc were heavily touted in catamenia ad. These modest family cars took a bigger and bigger share of an already expanding market place. All vehicles sold in Japan were taxed yearly based on exterior dimensions and engine displacement. This was established past legislation passed in 1950 that established tax brackets on two classifications; dimension regulations and engine displacement. The taxes were a primary consideration as to which vehicles were selected by Japanese consumers, and guided manufacturers equally to what type of vehicles the market would purchase.

Export expansion [edit]

Exports of passenger cars increased nearly two hundred-fold in the sixties compared to the previous decade, and were now upward to 17.0 per centum of the total product.^[9] This though, was still but the first. Rapidly increasing domestic demand and the expansion of Japanese car companies into foreign markets in the 1970s further accelerated growth. Effects of the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo accelerated vehicle exports along with the exchange charge per unit of the Japanese yen to the U.Due south. Dollar, UK Pound, and West German language Deutsche Marking. Passenger car exports rose from 100,000 in 1965 to i,827,000 in 1975. Car product in Japan connected to increase rapidly afterwards the 1970s, as Mitsubishi (as Dodge vehicles) and Honda began selling their vehicles in the U.s.. Even more brands came to America and abroad during the 1970s, and past the 1980s, the Japanese manufacturers were gaining a major foothold in the Usa and world markets.

In the early 1970s, the Japanese electronics manufacturers began producing integrated circuits (ICs), microprocessors and microcontrollers for the auto industry, including ICs and microcontrollers for in-car amusement, automated wipers, electronic locks, dashboard, and engine control. The Japanese automobile industry widely adopted ICs years before the American automobile manufacture.^[thirteen]

Japanese cars became pop with British buyers in the early 1970s, with Nissan's Datsun badged cars (the Nissan brand was not used on British registered models until 1983) proving particularly popular and earning a reputation in U.k. for their reliability and low running costs, although rust was a major problem. Exports were successful enough that Japanese cars were considered a astringent threat to many national machine industries, such as Italy, France, the Britain, as well as the United States. Import quotas were imposed in several countries, limiting the sales of Japanese-made cars to 3 percent of the overall marketplace in France and 1.v percent in Italy.^[14] Equally for the United States, the Japanese government was pressured to agree to annual export quotas outset in 1981.^[15] In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, Japanese importers made gentlemen's agreements to limit import in an endeavour to forestall stricter official quotas. Every bit a event, Japanese manufacturers expanded local production of cars, establishing plants across North America and Europe while also taking advantage of plants already created in third countries not covered by the quotas. Thus, South African-built Daihatsu Charades were sold in Italy and a number of Australian-made Mitsubishis found their way to North America and Europe.^[sixteen]

World leader [edit]

With Japanese manufacturers producing very affordable, reliable, and popular cars throughout the 1990s, Nippon became the largest machine producing nation in the earth in 2000. However, its market share has decreased slightly in recent years, particularly due to old and new competition from South korea, China and India. Nevertheless, Japan's car industry continues to flourish, its market share has risen over again, and in the first quarter of 2008 Toyota surpassed American General Motors to get the world'due south largest machine manufacturer.^[17] Today, Japan is the third largest automobile market(below the The states and China) and is the 2nd largest car producer in the world with information technology's branded cars being among the most used ones internationally. Auto export remains one of the country'southward well-nigh assisting exports and is a cornerstone of recovery plan for the latest economical crisis. In 2019 Japan was the second largest automobile exporter in the globe.

Timeline [edit]

• 1907 - Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd. established
• 1911 - Kaishinsha Motorcar Works established
• 1917 - Mitsubishi Motors' 1st motorcar
• 1917 - Japan Internal Combustion Engine Co. Ltd. established (integrated into Nissan)
• 1918 - Isuzu's 1st auto
• 1920-1925 - Gorham/Lila - auto production established (merged into Datsun)
• 1924-1927 - Otomo built at the Hakuyosha Ironworks in Tokyo
• 1931 - Mazda-Go - by Toyo Kogyo corp, subsequently Mazda
• 1934-1957 - Ohta begins machine product
• 1936 - Kurogane Blazon 95 earth'southward starting time iv-wheel-drive car manufactured
• 1936 - Toyota's 1st car (Toyota AA)
• 1952-1966 - Prince Motor Visitor (integrated into Nissan)
• 1953-1967 - Hino Motors starts car production (merged into Toyota)
• 1954 - Subaru's 1st machine (Subaru P-i)
• 1955 - Suzuki'due south 1st car (Suzulight)
• 1957 - Daihatsu's 1st auto (Daihatsu Midget)
• 1963 - Honda's 1st product machine (Honda S500)
• 1966 - One of the all-time selling cars of all fourth dimension, the Toyota Corolla, is introduced; Nissan opens its first North American manufacturing facility in Cuernavaca, United mexican states as Nissan Mexicana
• 1967 - Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) is founded
• 1967 - Mazda Cosmo 110S was one of the first 2 mass-produced cars with Wankel rotary engine
• 1977 - Voluntary Consign Restraints limit exports to the United Kingdom for 5 years; the bargain was renewed until 1999
• 1980 - Japan surpassed the United States and became first in auto manufacturing; Nissan Usa breaks footing for its Smyrna, Tennessee, manufacturing plant
• 1981 - Voluntary Export Restraints from May limit exports to United States to 1.68 million cars per yr; redundant by 1990 as product inside U.s.a. displaces direct exports; similar policies in several European union countries^[eighteen]
• 1982 - Honda Accord becomes the showtime Japanese car built in the U.s. at Honda'south Marysville, Ohio, manufacturing facility
• 1982 - Mitsuoka 1st motorcar (BUBU shuttle 50)
• 1983 - Holden and Nissan grade a joint venture in Australia; Nissan Sunny (Sentra) assembled at Nissan's Smyrna, Tennessee, facility
• 1984 - Toyota opens NUMMI, the first articulation venture plant in the U.s. with General Motors
• 1986 - Acura is launched in the Usa by Honda
• 1988 - Daihatsu enters the US making it the showtime time all nine Japanese manufacturers are nowadays; Toyota Camry becomes third Japanese car manufactured at Toyota'south Erlanger, Kentucky, assembly plant
• 1989 - Lexus is launched in the United states of america by Toyota
• 1989 - Infiniti is launched in the U.s.a. by Nissan
• 1989 - United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI) founded in Commonwealth of australia as a joint venture between Toyota and Holden
• 1991 - Mazda Hour-10 was one of the first hydrogen (combined with Wankel rotary) car
• 1994 - Japan conceded to the U.s. back in auto manufacturing
• 1996 - UAAI articulation venture dissolved
• 1997 - Toyota Prius was the first mass-produced hybrid car
• 2003 - Scion is launched by Toyota
• 2004 - Mitsubishi defects cover-up scandal
• 2006 - Nihon surpassed the United states of america and became first in auto manufacturing again
• 2008 - Toyota surpassed Full general Motors to become the globe's largest automobile manufacturer
• 2009 - Nihon was surpassed by People's republic of china and became second in auto manufacturing
• 2010 - 2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls
• 2011 - Tohoku earthquake affects production.

Statistics [edit]

This section needs to exist updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available data. (March 2018)

Production volumes by manufacturer [edit]

The following are vehicle production volumes for Japanese vehicle manufacturers, co-ordinate to the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA).^[19]

Passenger cars

Manufacturer	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Toyota	3,849,353	3,631,146	2,543,715	2,993,714	2,473,546	3,170,000
Nissan	982,870	1,095,661	780,495	1,008,160	1,004,666	1,035,726
Honda	1,288,577	i,230,621	812,298	941,558	687,948	996,832
Suzuki	one,061,767	i,059,456	758,057	915,391	811,689	896,781
Mazda	952,290	one,038,725	693,598	893,323	798,060	830,294
Daihatsu	648,289	641,322	551,275	534,586	479,956	633,887
Subaru	403,428	460,515	357,276	437,443	366,518	551,812
Mitsubishi	758,038	770,667	365,447	586,187	536,142	448,598
Other	25	30	0	0	0	0
Full	9,944,637	9,928,143	6,862,161	8,310,362	vii,158,525	eight,554,219

Trucks

Manufacturer	2007	2008	2009
Toyota	291,008	271,544	178,954
Suzuki	156,530	158,779	150,245
Daihatsu	138,312	151,935	132,980
Isuzu	236,619	250,692	118,033
Nissan	188,788	189,005	109,601
Mitsubishi	88,045	83,276	61,083
Hino	101,909	101,037	62,197
Subaru	72,422	64,401	51,123
Mitsubishi Fuso	131,055	115,573	49,485
Honda	43,268	33,760	28,626
Mazda	43,221	39,965	23,577
UD Trucks	44,398	45,983	xviii,652
Other	2,445	ii,449	545
Total	ane,538,020	1,508,399	985,101

Buses

Manufacturer	2007	2008	2009
Toyota	85,776	109,698	69,605
Mitsubishi Fuso	ten,225	10,611	four,982
Nissan	7,422	8,416	4,479
Hino	4,984	five,179	4,473
Isuzu	three,668	iii,221	2,077
UD Trucks	one,595	one,977	1,179
Total	113,670	139,102	86,795

Sales rank [edit]

Regular cars [edit]

Height 10 best-selling automobile models in Japan past nameplate[a] (excluding kei vehicles and commercial vehicles), 1990–2021 Source:[20]
Year	Models and Ranking
	1st	second	third	4th	fifth	6th	7th	8th	9th	tenth
1990	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Mark II	Toyota Crown	Toyota Carina	Toyota Corona	Nissan Sunny	Honda Civic	Mazda Familia	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Sprinter
1991	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Mark 2	Honda Civic	Toyota Crown	Toyota Carina	Nissan Sunny	Toyota Corona	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Sprinter	Nissan Bluebird
1992	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Marker II	Toyota Crown	Honda Civic	Nissan Sunny	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Carina	Toyota Corona	Nissan March	Toyota Sprinter
1993	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Marker Two	Nissan March	Nissan Sunny	Toyota Crown	Honda Civic	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Estima	Toyota Sprinter	Toyota Carina
1994	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Mark II	Nissan March	Honda Borough	Toyota Crown	Nissan Sunny	Toyota Estima	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Carina	Toyota Sprinter
1995	Toyota Corolla	Nissan March	Toyota Crown	Honda Odyssey	Toyota Mark 2	Honda Civic	Toyota Estima	Nissan Sunny	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Sprinter
1996	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Crown	Nissan March	Toyota Starlet	Toyota Mark 2	Honda Odyssey	Honda CR-V	Toyota Estima	Nissan Sunny	Subaru Legacy
1997	Toyota Corolla	Nissan March	Toyota Mark II	Toyota Starlet	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Crown	Toyota Ipsum	Toyota Estima	Mazda Demio	Honda Odyssey
1998	Toyota Corolla	Nissan Cube	Mazda Demio	Nissan March	Toyota Starlet	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Mark II	Toyota Crown	Mitsubishi Chariot Grandis	Nissan Sunny
1999	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Crown	Mazda Demio	Nissan Cube	Toyota Mark II	Subaru Legacy	Nissan March	Toyota TownAce Noah
2000	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Estima	Honda Odyssey	Toyota FunCargo	Toyota Crown	Toyota bB	Nissan Cube	Honda Stepwgn	Mazda Demio
2001	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Honda Stream	Toyota Estima	Honda Stepwgn	Honda Fit	Toyota Crown	Nissan Cube	Honda Odyssey	Toyota FunCargo
2002	Honda Fit	Toyota Corolla	Nissan March	Toyota Ist	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Noah	Toyota Estima	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Cube	Honda Mobilio
2003	Toyota Corolla	Honda Fit	Toyota Wish	Nissan Cube	Nissan March	Toyota Ist	Mazda Demio	Toyota Noah	Toyota Alphard	Toyota Estima
2004 [21]	Toyota Corolla	Honda Fit	Nissan Cube	Toyota Wish	Toyota Crown	Nissan March	Honda Odyssey	Toyota Ist	Toyota Alphard	Toyota Noah
2005 [22]	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Honda Fit	Nissan Tiida	Nissan Notation	Toyota Wish	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Passo	Toyota Alphard	Toyota Crown
2006 [23]	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Honda Fit	Toyota Estima	Nissan Serena	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Wish	Toyota Ractis	Toyota Passo	Toyota Crown
2007[24]	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Honda Fit	Toyota Passo	Nissan Serena	Toyota Estima	Toyota Voxy	Mazda Demio	Nissan Tiida	Toyota Noah
2008	Honda Fit	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Crown	Toyota Prius	Nissan Serena	Toyota Passo	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Tiida	Mazda Demio
2009 [25]	Toyota Vitz	Honda Fit	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Passo	Honda Insight	Toyota Corolla	Honda Freed	Nissan Serena	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Notation
2010[26]	Toyota Prius	Honda Fit	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Corolla	Honda Freed	Toyota Passo	Honda Stepwgn	Nissan Serena	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Note
2011[27]	Toyota Prius	Honda Fit	Toyota Vitz	Nissan Serena	Toyota Corolla	Honda Freed	Mazda Demio	Toyota Ractis	Toyota Passo	Nissan March
2012[28]	Toyota Prius	Toyota Aqua	Honda Fit	Honda Freed	Toyota Vitz	Nissan Serena	Nissan Note	Toyota Corolla	Honda Stepwgn	Toyota Vellfire
2013[29]	Toyota Aqua	Toyota Prius	Honda Fit	Nissan Note	Toyota Corolla	Nissan Serena	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Crown	Honda Freed	Honda Stepwgn
2014[thirty]	Toyota Aqua	Honda Fit	Toyota Prius	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Note	Honda Vezel	Toyota Vitz	Nissan Serena	Toyota Noah
2015[31]	Toyota Aqua	Toyota Prius	Honda Fit	Toyota Corolla	Nissan Notation	Toyota Voxy	Toyota Vitz	Mazda Demio	Honda Vezel	Toyota Sienta
2016[32]	Toyota Prius	Toyota Aqua	Toyota Sienta	Honda Fit	Nissan Note	Toyota Voxy	Toyota Corolla	Honda Vezel	Nissan Serena	Toyota Vitz
2017[33]	Toyota Prius	Nissan Note	Toyota Aqua	Toyota C-Hr	Honda Freed	Honda Fit	Toyota Sienta	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Voxy	Nissan Serena
2018[34]	Nissan Note	Toyota Aqua	Toyota Prius	Nissan Serena	Toyota Sienta	Toyota Voxy	Honda Fit	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Vitz	Toyota Roomy
2019[35]	Toyota Prius	Nissan Note	Toyota Sienta	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Aqua	Nissan Serena	Toyota Roomy	Toyota Voxy	Honda Freed	Toyota Vitz
2020[36]	Toyota Yaris	Toyota Raize	Toyota Corolla	Honda Fit	Toyota Alphard	Toyota Roomy	Honda Freed	Toyota Sienta	Nissan Notation	Toyota Voxy
2021 [37]	Toyota Yaris	Toyota Roomy	Toyota Corolla	Toyota Alphard	Nissan Annotation	Toyota Raize	Toyota Harrier	Toyota Aqua	Toyota Voxy	Honda Freed
	1st	2nd	3rd	fourth	fifth	6th	seventh	eighth	9th	10th
Run across also : Best-selling models in Australia Brazil Bharat Republic of indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand Sweden

Kei cars [edit]

Top 10 acknowledged kei cars in Nippon by nameplate[a] (excluding kei commercial vehicles), 2005–2021
Year	Models and Ranking
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	tenth
2005 [38]	Suzuki Railroad vehicle R	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Alto	Honda Life	Daihatsu Mira	Daihatsu Tanto	Mitsubishi eK	Nissan Moco	Honda That's	Suzuki Kei
2006 [39]	Suzuki Wagon R	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Alto	Daihatsu Tanto	Honda Life	Daihatsu Mira	Honda Zest	Mitsubishi eK	Nissan Moco	Suzuki MR Wagon
2007 [40]	Suzuki Railroad vehicle R	Daihatsu Move	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Mira	Honda Life	Suzuki Alto	Nissan Moco	Mitsubishi eK	Subaru Stella	Honda Zest
2008 [41]	Suzuki Carriage R	Daihatsu Move	Daihatsu Tanto	Honda Life	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Palette	Suzuki Alto	Nissan Moco	Mitsubishi eK	Subaru Stella
2009 [42]	Suzuki Wagon R	Daihatsu Move	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Alto	Suzuki Palette	Honda Life	Nissan Roox	Honda Zest	Nissan Moco
2010 [43]	Suzuki Wagon R	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Alto	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Palette	Honda Life	Nissan Moco	Nissan Roox	Honda Zest
2011 [44]	Suzuki Carriage R	Daihatsu Move	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Alto	Honda Life	Nissan Moco	Suzuki Palette	Nissan Roox	Mitsubishi eK
2012 [45]	Daihatsu Mira	Honda N-Box	Suzuki Railroad vehicle R	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Alto	Nissan Moco	Suzuki Palette	Nissan Roox	Honda Life
2013 [46]	Honda N-Box	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Wagon R	Daihatsu Mira	Daihatsu Tanto	Suzuki Alto	Honda N-One	Suzuki Spacia	Nissan Dayz	Nissan Moco
2014 [47]	Daihatsu Tanto	Honda Due north-Box	Suzuki Wagon R	Nissan Dayz	Honda Due north-WGN	Daihatsu Mira	Daihatsu Move	Suzuki Spacia	Suzuki Alto	Suzuki Hustler
2015 [48]	Honda Due north-Box	Daihatsu Tanto	Nissan Dayz	Daihatsu Motion	Suzuki Alto	Suzuki Railroad vehicle R	Honda N-WGN	Suzuki Hustler	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Spacia
2016 [49]	Honda N-Box	Daihatsu Move	Nissan Dayz	Daihatsu Tanto	Suzuki Alto	Honda N-WGN	Suzuki Hustler	Suzuki Spacia	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Carriage R
2017[33]	Honda North-Box	Daihatsu Motility	Daihatsu Tanto	Nissan Dayz	Suzuki Wagon R	Suzuki Spacia	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Alto	Honda N-WGN	Suzuki Hustler
2018[34]	Honda Due north-Box	Suzuki Spacia	Nissan Dayz	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Motion	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Wagon R	Suzuki Hustler	Suzuki Alto	Honda Due north-WGN
2019 [50]	Honda N-Box	Daihatsu Tanto	Suzuki Spacia	Nissan Dayz	Daihatsu Movement	Daihatsu Mira	Suzuki Wagon R	Suzuki Alto	Suzuki Hustler	Mitsubishi eK
2020 [51]	Honda N-Box	Suzuki Spacia	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Movement	Nissan Dayz	Suzuki Hustler	Daihatsu Mira	Nissan Roox	Honda N-WGN	Suzuki Wagon R
2021 [52]	Honda N-Box	Suzuki Spacia	Daihatsu Tanto	Daihatsu Move	Nissan Roox	Suzuki Hustler	Suzuki Carriage R	Daihatsu Mira	Daihatsu Taft	Suzuki Alto
	1st	2nd	tertiary	4th	fifth	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
See also : All-time-selling models in Australia Brazil India Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand Sweden

See also [edit]

• List of automobile manufacturers of Japan
• Automotive industry
• Japanese used vehicle exporting
• Timeline of Japanese automobiles

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Japan Automobile Dealers Association (JADA) grouped vehicle sales by nameplate, which means different models with the same nameplate such as the Toyota Yaris and Toyota Yaris Cross or the Daihatsu Mira and Daihatsu Mira Gino are counted as a single model.

References [edit]

1. ^ Toyota raises profits forecast as recovery continues, BBC News, 7 February 2012 https://www.bbc.co.great britain/news/business-16923619
2. ^ The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles by David Burgess Wise; Wellfleet Press; Secaucus, New Jersey 1992 ISBN 1-55521-808-iii
3. ^ Automobiles of the Earth by Joseph H. Wherry; Chilton Volume Visitor; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1968
4. ^ GM early history in Japan
5. ^ "Almost Kyoritsu". Kyoritsu Seiki Co. Ltd. Kyoritsu Seiki Co. Ltd. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
6. ^ Cars of the Thirties and Forties by Michael Sedgwick; Crescent Books; ISBN 978-0-517-32051-8
7. ^ "Remade in Japan" Los Angeles Times June 6, 1996 http://articles.latimes.com/1996-06-02/business/fi-11017_1_japanese-motorcar
8. ^ Torrey, Volta, ed. (November 1952). "New Japanese Cars Follow U.S., English Styling". Popular Science. 161 (five): 136–137.
9. ^ ^{a b} Moser, Robert (1971), Logoz, Arthur (ed.), "Personenwagen-Weltproduktion" [Global passenger automobile production], Machine-Universum 1971 (in German), Zürich, Switzerland: Verlag Internationale Automobil-Parade AG, XIV: 65
10. ^ Lee, Chunli (April 2001). "Chinas Automobilindustrie in der Globalisierung" [Red china's machine industry in globalisation] (PDF). Berichte des Arbeitsbereichs Chinaforschung (in High german). Bremen, Germany: Universität Bremen (15). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-01-12 .
11. ^ "Establishing a Mass Production Arrangement". About JAMA: Japan's Auto Industry. Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. Archived from the original on 2009-07-18.
12. ^ Ikeda, Eizo; Sonobe, Hiroshi (June 1974). "Route Examination: Datsun 100A". Motor Magazine International.
13. ^ "Trends in the Semiconductor Manufacture: 1970s". Semiconductor History Museum of Japan. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
14. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (1989-12-29). "Europeans Press Nihon On Autos". The New York Times: D1.
15. ^ Chira, Susan (1988-01-30). "Japan Confirms It Will Continue U.S. Quota of 2.3 Million Cars". The New York Times: 34.
16. ^ Burford, Adrian, "A Sporting Heart Still Beats", Automotive Business Review (Feb 2009): 30, archived from the original on 25 February 2009, retrieved nineteen February 2009
17. ^ Bunkley, Nick (2008-04-24). "Thousand.M. Says Toyota Has Lead in Global Sales Race". The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-04-26 .
18. ^ Benjamin, Daniel G. (September 1999). "Voluntary Export Restraints on Automobiles". PERC Reports: Volume 17, No. 3. Property & Environment Inquiry Centre. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2008-11-18 . In May 1981, with the American automobile manufacture mired in recession, Japanese auto makers agreed to limit exports of passenger cars to the Usa. This "voluntary consign restraint" (VER) program, initially supported by the Reagan assistants, allowed but ane.68 million Japanese cars into the U.Southward. each year. The cap was raised to 1.85 million cars in 1984, and to 2.30 one thousand thousand in 1985, before the plan was terminated in 1994
19. ^ "JAMA Active matrix database organisation". Jamaserv.jama.or.jp. Retrieved 2013-04-02 .
20. ^ "あの時売れていた車は？人気乗用車販売台数ランキング". world wide web.sonysonpo.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
21. ^ "2004年車名別ランキング…連続でトヨタ カローラ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
22. ^ "2005年車名別ランキング、カローラ 3年連続でトップ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
23. ^ "2006年乗用車販売台数ランキング…カローラ 4年連続トップ、トップ10の7車種がトヨタ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
24. ^ "【懐かしすぎる】10年前の2007年に売れていた車とは？販売台数トップ10！". カーナリズム . Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
25. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2010-01-08). "2009年の車名別販売ランキング、「プリウス」「ワゴンR」が圧勝". Motorcar Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-04-24 .
26. ^ "2010 Nihon: Best-selling Car Models". Auto Sales Statistics. 2011-01-17. Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
27. ^ "2011 Full Twelvemonth Acknowledged Car Models in Nihon". Motorcar Sales Statistics. 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
28. ^ "2012 (Full Year) Japan: Best-selling Car Models". Car Sales Statistics. 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
29. ^ "2013 (Total Year) Japan: Best-selling Car Models". Automobile Sales Statistics. 2014-01-09. Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
30. ^ "2014 (Total Year) Nippon: Best-selling Car Models". Machine Sales Statistics. 2015-01-08. Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
31. ^ "2015 (Total Year) Japan: 30 Best-Selling Car Models". Car Sales Statistics. 2016-01-08. Retrieved 2019-08-ten .
32. ^ "2016 (Full Year) Japan: 30 Best-selling Car Models". Car Sales Statistics. 2017-01-11. Retrieved 2019-08-17 .
33. ^ ^{a b} "2017 (Full Year) Japan: All-time-Selling Car Models and Mini Cars". Auto Sales Statistics. 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2019-08-17 .
34. ^ ^{a b} "2018 (Total Yr) Japan: Acknowledged Motorcar Models and Mini Cars". Car Sales Statistics. 2019-01-x. Retrieved 2019-08-17 .
35. ^ "2019 (Full Year) Japan: Acknowledged Car Models". Car Sales Statistics. 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2020-02-20 .
36. ^ ambassador (2021-01-08). "【国産乗用車編】2020年12月＆2020年1月～12月の登録車新車販売台数ランキング15を一挙公開！12月度も累計も全てトヨタ新型ヤリスが圧勝！ | ページ 2". Creative Trend (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-01-12 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
37. ^ "2021 (Full Year) Japan: Acknowledged Car Models". Car Sales Statistics. 2022-01-eleven. Retrieved 2022-01-23 .
38. ^ "2005年軽自動車販売ランキング、ワゴンR が2年連続トップ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
39. ^ "2006年軽乗用車販売ランキング…ワゴンR が3年連続トップ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
40. ^ "07年軽自動車販売ランキング…スズキ ワゴンR がトップ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
41. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2009-01-08). "普通車と軽自動車の2008年12月および2008年通年の車名別販売台数を公表". Car Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
42. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2010-01-08). "2009年の車名別販売ランキング、「プリウス」「ワゴンR」が圧勝". Motorcar Lookout (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
43. ^ "2010年の軽自動車販売ランキング…ワゴンR が7年連続トップ". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
44. ^ "軽自動車販売で ワゴンR が首位、ダイハツは総力戦…2011年車名別ランキング". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
45. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2013-01-10). "2012年の車名別販売ランキング、乗用車は「プリウス」、軽四輪車は「ミラ」が首位". Car Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
46. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2014-01-09). "2013年の車名別販売ランキングで乗用車は「アクア」、軽自動車は「N-BOX」が首位". Car Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
47. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2015-01-15). "2014年の車名別販売ランキングで乗用車は「アクア」、軽自動車は「タント」が首位". Car Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
48. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2016-01-08). "2015年の車名別販売ランキングで乗用車は「アクア」、軽自動車は「N-BOX」が年間首位". Car Watch (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
49. ^ 株式会社インプレス (2017-01-eleven). "2016年の車名別販売ランキング、軽/乗用車含め唯一20万台超えの「プリウス」が年間首位". Motorcar Sentry (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
50. ^ "2019 (Full Twelvemonth) Nippon: Best-Selling Minicar (Kei) Brands and Models". Auto Sales Statistics. 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2021-05-xiv .
51. ^ "2020 (Full Year) Japan: Best-Selling Minicar (Kei) Brands and Models". Machine Sales Statistics. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-24 .
52. ^ "2021 (Full Year) Japan: Acknowledged Minicar (Kei) Brands and Models". Automobile Sales Statistics. 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-23 .

Farther reading [edit]

• Odaka, Konosuke. The automobile industry in Nihon : a report of coincident firm development (1988) online
• Robert Sobel (1984). Car Wars: The Untold Story . E. P. Dutton. ISBN0-525-24289-9.
• Wanda James (2005). Driving from Nihon: Japanese Cars in America . McFarland & Company. ISBN978-0-7864-1734-6.
• Marco Ruiz (1986). Complete History Of The Japanese Car. Portland Business firm. ISBN978-0517617779.
• Semuels, Alana (November half dozen, 2017). "Why Aren't U.Southward. Cars Popular in Japan?". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825.
• Nippon Automobile Manufacturers Association (May 2011). THE MOTOR Manufacture OF Nippon 2011.

Videos

• "Why Ford And Other American Cars Don't Sell In Nippon". CNBC. 2019-04-16.

External links [edit]

• The Gild of Automotive Engineers of Japan (JSAE) "240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology"
• Japan Automotive Daily (Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun in English language)

giddingsdigetund66.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan

Bagikan Artikel ini